Cambridge IGCSE & O Level Pakistan Studies Book Paper 2 Geography

Table of Contents

Introduction

• The Land of Pakistan
  The Natural Topography, including drainage
• Northern, North-Western, and Western Mountains
• The Desert Areas
• Topography / Land reforms
  Climate
• Climatic Elements (Temperature, Rainfall, Winds etc
• Effects of Climate on Life of the People
• Climatic Hazards (Floods, Storms, Soil Erosion, Draughts etc.)
  Natural Resources-an Issue of Sustainability of Water
• Rivers and Dams of Pakistan
• Irrigation System
• Indus Water Treaty
• Water-logging and Salinity
• Water Deficiency/Water Pollution
  Forests
• Types of Forests in Pakistan
• Importance/Uses of Forests
• Afforestation/Deforestation and Solutions
  Mineral Resources
• Mining Processes
• Types of Minerals
  Fishing Industry
• Fishing Methods and Areas
  Agriculture Development
• Small-Scale Subsistence Farming
• Farming System/Methods
• Major Crops of Pakistan
• Fruit Farming
• Livestock Farming
• Agricultural Land Use/Land Reforms

Power Resources

• Renewable Sources of Energy/Sources of Energy
• Non-renewable Sources of Energy
• Coal
• Petroleum/Mineral Oil
• Natural Gas
• Electricity (Hydel/Thermal)
• Nuclear Energy
  Industrial Development-Secondary and Tertiary Industries
• Principle Factory Industries in Pakistan
• Industrial Estates/Zones
• Cottage/Craft/Small-Scale Industries
• Air Pollution
• Tertiary Industry/Tourism
  Trade
• Exports and Imports of Pakistan
• Trade Centres of Pakistan
• Export Processing Zones
  Transport and Telecommunications
• Dry Ports
• Pakistan Railways/Roads
• Air Transport
• Sea Transport
• Telecommunications
  Population and Employment
• Population Growth/Change/Increase
• Population Structures
• Population Distribution/Density/Pyramid
• Employment and Unemployment
• Birth Rates/Death Rates/Life Expectancy/Healthcare
• Migration
• Literacy/Education Self-Help Schemes